1980 – 1984: B.S. in Biology from Stony Brook University.

1984 – 1988: M.D. from American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Monserrat, British West Indies.

1988 – 1989: Internal Medicine at Mercy Catholic Medical Center Fitzgerald Mercy Division/Misericordia Division, Philadelphia, PA.

1989 – 1991: Internal Medicine at Mercy Catholic Medical Center Fitzgerald Mercy Division/Misericordia Division, Philadelphia, PA.

1991 – 1993: Rheumatology at Medical College of Pennsylvania.

1991 – 1993: Rheumatology at Veterans Affairs Medical Center, directed by Dr. H. Ralph Schumacher, Philadelphia, PA.